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In a mathematical context, a ratio refers to the comparison of two quantities, expressing their relative sizes or amounts, typically as a fraction. This means one quantity is divided by another, providing a way to compare their magnitudes. For example, if you have 3 apples and 4 oranges, the ratio of apples to oranges can be expressed as 3/4. This fractional representation allows for a clear understanding of how much of one quantity exists in relation to another. Ratios are fundamental in various mathematical applications as they help in understanding proportions, scaling, and relationships between different measurements or values.

The other choices do not accurately define a ratio; for instance, a collection of data points refers to a set of information rather than a mathematical relationship, and a numeral value does not convey the comparative nature that a ratio embodies. Additionally, a process of data analysis is a broader concept that does not specifically relate to the definition of ratios in mathematics.